Advances in solid-state, sodium-ion, and flow batteries promise higher energy densities, faster charging, and longer lifespans, enabling electric vehicles to travel farther, microgrids to operate efficiently, and renewable energy to integrate seamlessly into the grid. . Energy storage beyond lithium ion is rapidly transforming how we store and deliver power in the modern world. The development of new generation batteries is a determining factor in the future of energy storage, which is key to decarbonisation and the energy transition in the face of the challenges of. .